CNC machining is a mainstay in industrial manufacturing because of its high functionality and precision, among other benefits. In the fabrication of a product, manufacturers may use one or more machining operations, such as CNC turning and CNC milling operations.

The CNC turning definition involves the removal of pieces of material as the workpiece rotates against the cutting tool. This article comprehensively describes CNC turning – the procedure, the machines for the process, and its application. So, without much ado, let’s get into it.

What Is CNC Turning?

CNC turning is a typical subtractive manufacturing process that uses a cutting tool to remove portions of a material from its exterior. The workpiece rotates (continued turning) as tidbits get chipped off till it reaches the desired shape, diameter, and size of the end product.

However, the cutting tool, typically a single-point end, is non-rotary. Instead, the workpiece only rotates around it. CNC lathes are the typical machines used industrially for achieving turning operations.

Meanwhile, CNC turning is suitable for cutting metals, wood, plastics, and other polymers. Also, since the process uses computer-generated programs and codes, its products are of high dimensional accuracy – one of its main advantages.

Understand CNC Turning Working Basics

CNC turning operations may be pretty complicated. However, after converting your CAD files into a program recognizable by the CNC machine, you need to set up the machine ready to kick start the turning process.

Turning involves rotating and spinning a workpiece as the cutting tool starts to chop out pieces of the material from the exterior. Usually, the machined material is cylindrical or round. Though in some cases, especially when using a compatible adapter, turning can function well for materials of varying shapes.

The cutting tool continues to make cuts as the workpiece spins in the machine till it reaches the desired programmed shape. Notably, CNC lathes or turning centers have different tools in the turret, all controlled by computer programs and codes. However, machines with the capacity to hold more tools are more sophisticated with more capabilities, making them more suitable for complex designs.

Types of CNC Turning Operations

Turning machines and CNC lathes come in different variants, some possessing unique cutting features, making them ideal for specific operations. Below is a brief description of different types of CNC turning processes.

Straight Turning

Straight turning involves using a cutting tool to cause a uniform reduction of the diameter of a workpiece. The technique aims to machine the material into a specified thickness. It quickly removes part of the material, preventing variation in the product diameter. It is sometimes referred to as rough turning, requiring extra finishing to obtain dimensional accuracy.

Knurling

DNMG Insert

This operation involves introducing cut patterns of serrated, angled, or crossed lines into the surface of a workpiece. The process typically introduces a firm grip, as the pattern enhances friction. It is also suitable for fabricating bolts and nuts for threaded holes. Notably, the operation may require the need for specially designed knurling tools.

Parting

Parting is a machining technique that uses a single-point cutting tool to create a deep gouge into a material, removing its internal components. As the name suggests, it results in producing parts or cuts off a section of the original piece.

Taper Turning

Taper turning involves gradually reducing a material’s diameter from one end to another. The angular motion between the material and the cutting tool causes the transition and reduction in Carbide Inserts the diameter of the workpiece. Like most turning operations, the end product is cylindrical shaped.

Threading

Threading is another CNC turning process that involves the movement of a cutting tool along the sides of the material, cutting threads into the external components of the workpiece. Threads are helical grooves with specific lengths and pitch.

Grooving

This turning operation creates a narrow cut – a groove, in the workpiece. It involves the action of a pointed tool head against the material, cutting with equal width as the cutting tool. However, machining grooves of wider diameter is possible with the aid of multiple cutting tools.

What Materials are Suitable for CNC Turning?

One of the significant advantages of CNC machining is its compatibility with a vast range of materials. Likewise, most metal and plastic materials are ideal for CNC turning processes. They are:

• Aluminum
• Nylon
• Copper
• Steel
• Wood
• Titanium
• PEEK
• ABS
• Glass
• PVC
• Brass
• Wax and etc.

Since each material possesses varying structural integrity, it may require different lathes or turning centers with unique specifications like the feed rate and turning speed.

Types of CNC Turning Machine

Indeed, lathes are the typical machines used for turning. However, these devices exist in different kinds, each better suited for specific turning operations. There are four different CNC turning machine types for your machining projects.

Horizontal CNC Lathes

These lathes have all the features of a typical lathe, making them one of the most populous machines for various industrial applications. However, they are suitable for both turning and boring operations. Also, being a CNC machine, it operates on computer programs.

Vertical CNC Lathes

Similar to a horizontal lathe, but as you’d expect, the main difference is how it holds the workpiece. The material is positioned vertically – from the bottom before rotation, spinning, and cutting occurs. As a result, these machines are most suitable for?operation with space limitations. Also, they are best suited for heavy and sturdy workpieces.

Horizontal Turning Centers

Horizontal turning centers are enclosed devices with drilling and milling functionalities. As the name indicates, the turning center has a horizontal orientation with tools mounted above as they rotate and cut into the workpiece and depends on gravity to remove the cuts.

Vertical Turning Centers

This device acts as a combo of a horizontal turning center and a CNC miller. Its design makes the rotating chuck close to the ground – making it easier to work with large workpieces.

The Different Components of A Turning Lathe

Though there are different turning lathes, they practically possess similar components. So let’s take a brief look at each element of a typical lathe machine.

1. CNC Control Panel

The panels are more or less the brain box of the machines. It refers to the control house, where machinists and technicians input the computer programs and codes. The CNC control panel has a set of keys for controlling all the device operations, including starting, entering new programs, and ending a project.

2. Spindles

The spindles are the heart of the headstock. It is the rotating axis of a turning lathe with a shaft. Also, it is not uncommon for the tailstock to also have spindles.

3. Headstocks

The headstocks act as clamps holding other components of the lathe in place. It contains gears, spindles, chucks, and control levers, among other machine pieces.

4. Tailstocks

The opposite end to the headstock is the tailstock. It’s a non-rotatory center capable of boring operations.

5. Beds

The beds are the most significant piece in any turning lathe, as all other components are attached to it, including the headstock, chucks, tailstocks, etc. In addition, it’s a large horizontal structure capable of further extension to accommodate massive workpieces.

6. Chucks

The chuck is another vital component of the lathe machine. It helps to hold (grip) the material for machining.

7. Carriages

The carriage is between the headstock and the tailstock containing other components like the saddle, cross slide, and apron. It acts as a guide for the cutting tool as it cuts through the exterior of the workpiece.

8. Cutting Tools

The cutting tools include the tool bits that remove pieces of the material during turning. Often, the cutting and turning process may depend on the kinds of cutting tools present in the lathe device.

9. Tool Turrets

The tool turrets are the tool holders for the lathe. The size and shape of a typical tool turret determine the number of tools it can carry.

10. Foot Pedals

The foot pedals help to open and close the tailstock or the chuck quickly.

5 Common Turning Tooling Types

We already established that there are different turning operations. Therefore, there are various lathe cutting tools better suited for each process. Let’s quickly examine some of these tools.

1. Face or Turning Tools

These are lathe machines suitable for cutting flat surfaces that are right-angled to the material’s rotating axis. During the process, the tool holder on the carriages clamps the cutting tool, which then cuts through, perpendicular to the rotating axis.

2. Thread Cutters

This cutting tool is suitable for making external and internal cuts through a material. In addition, as the name indicates, they are ideal for cutting threads on lathe machines.

3. Boring Bars

Boring bars are not exactly turning tools. Instead, they are single-point tools suitable for making internal cuts into a workpiece – boring holes. The devices essentially enlarge the diameter of a pre-existing hole.

4. Grooving Tools

Grooving tools are suitable for cutting out channels (grooves) and features like O-rings into a workpiece. In addition, they are ideal for creating contours into a material that allows for the necking of different workpieces with an excellent fit of each part.

5. Knurling Tools

These lathe tools are equipped with specific designs and patterns to improve the grip of the workpiece. When pressed against the material, they imprint their knurled patterns. Therefore, they are useful in making handles for equipment, bolts, nuts, etc.

Applications of CNC Turning

CNC turning and machining processes are highly beneficial to different manufacturing sectors. Below we will take a brief look at the applications of turning operations.

Automotive Industry

CNC turning operations are pretty common in the manufacture of components of automobiles that help improve the functioning of the vehicle. The process is compatible with manufacturing metal components like cylinder blocks and plastic components like dashboard components.

Electrical Industry

CNC turning is suitable for creating circuit boards, among other electrical components. Since it’s an extremely precise machining process, products are electronically efficient, meeting all requirements and specifications.

Aerospace Industry

The aviation industry requires a process like CNC turning and machining because of its high dimensional accuracy. They are suitable for designing steel parts for the shuttle and aircraft fasteners and internal components.

Wayken’s CNC Turning Capability

Having obtained detailed information about CNC turning, you know if that’s what your fabrication requires. The next thing is to find the right partner to help fabricate your designs. WayKen is an expert in offering turning services. With nearly 20 years of machining experience, our machinists can handle all types of turning operations and other machining technologies.

We are also an ISO 90001:2015 certified company, so you are assured that all our products are the high standards in the industry. Meanwhile, we provide on-demand solutions per your request at competitive pricing. In addition, with our DFM analysis, we can provide you with professional advice on how to improve your design.

Upload your CAD files today to get an instant quotation>>

Conclusion

CNC turning is a vital manufacturing technique with vast applications in different sectors. Thanks to its high versatility, dimensional accuracy, and suitability for large-scale production, it has been a mainstay industrial manufacturing technique for a long time.

Reading through this well-detailed article, you should comprehensively know what the process entails. Therefore, you know when to adopt the technique for your fabrication.

FAQs

What are the machining axes of lathes?

CNC lathes may come in different configurations, better defined by the axes’ movement. They include the following:

• 2 Axis: typical to a typical lathe; the X and Y axes.
• 3 Axis: the rotating drills operate along X, Y, and Z axes.
• 4 Axis: contains the two usual axes and additional Y and A axes.
• 5 Axis: movement across five directions: X, Y, and Z with A and B axes.
• Multi-Axis: An auto-sliding lathe may have more than nine different axes.

What is the difference between turning and milling?

Turning involves the rotation of a workpiece against a non-rotating single-point cutting tool, while milling uses rotary cutters to remove components of a stationary workpiece. In addition, while turning products are often cylindrical or conical, the end products of milling have flat surfaces.

What are the three main movements in turning operations?

During turning, the following movements occur:

• Rotation: During turning, the workpiece continuously rotates and spins as the cutting process occurs.
• Advanced Movement: The tools are in parallel configuration against the material in a straight motion that results in machining.
• Penetration: The cutting tools cut pieces of the material when penetrating, which may dictate cut depths.

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Replacing tracer machining with scanning and digitizing at 1,000 points per second improves mold quality, eliminates patternmaking to reduce pre-machining time, and permits tool path generation through CAM Carbide Inserts to cut machining time by 40 percent.

According to Mike Stiles, VP of manufacturing engineering for Creative Blow Mold Tooling, Inc., some of the company's biggest moldmaking bottlenecks used to come from bottles themselves.

Based in Lee's Summit, Missouri, Creative makes blow molds for cosmetic, juice and water bottles as well as for handleware detergent bottles, which are subject to periodic design changes. In lieu of a pattern, however, the detergent bottle customer typically supplies Creative with only a finished bottle to use as a model. If the customer wants to add a new size to an existing bottle series, the most common design change request, then it has Creative adjust the proportions of an existing bottle to achieve the desired volume.

When Creative's machine tools were driven by hydraulic tracing equipment, a request like this would set off tungsten carbide inserts a time-consuming four-step process: measure the bottle manually, use the measurements to generate a CAD drawing, scale the model in CAD to achieve the new volume, then build a pattern from the new model for use on the tracer.

Now, three of those steps have been eliminated. Recently, Creative did away with tracing in favor of digitizing, using the Cyclone dedicated scanning and digitizing system, developed by Renishaw (Schaumburg, Illinois). A "continuous path" scanning station with a 23" x 19" x 15" XYZ envelope, Cyclone digitizes the model by sweeping its analog scanning probe in a series of rapid, narrow-stepover passes, achieving velocities of up to 118 ipm, for data capture rates as high as 1,000 points per second. Captured data can be exported to most CAM systems, including the Renishaw Tracecut CAM system used by Creative. Users can alter the model and generate efficient NC tool paths.

Creative now digitizes the detergent bottle itself. Instead of building a new pattern, it simply enlarges or reduces the model using Tracecut's automatic scaling command, then has the software generate tool paths to match. According to Mr. Stiles, the switch to Cyclone and Tracecut has not only streamlined the overall process by reducing the need for patternmaking, it has also cut mold machining time, by roughly 40 percent.

Mr. Stiles explains, "With the Cyclone, tool paths don't have to relate in any way to the pattern of digitizing. This is a big improvement over tracing, which produce only tool paths that match the path of the trace."

The tracers often forced Creative to use smaller machining steps to ensure that all of the mold's fine details would be captured, but the `cost' was inefficient and over-precise machining passes for all of the surfaces that were smooth and easy to machine.

Says Mr. Stiles: "Now, we just window the fine details of the scanned model in Tracecut and assign tool paths accordingly, then use Tracecut's automatic roughing function to have the machining program smooth over precision features until it reaches a depth close to the finished surface of the cavity. By making it easy to tailor the machining process to the individual part, digitizing on the Cyclone lets us cut each mold to spec in the shortest time possible."

Mr. Stiles reports exploring a variety of alternatives in his search for a company-wide digitizing system.

"My first impulse was toward laser digitizing, and I took a hard look at these systems," he says. "However, I was warned by several users that laser digitizers often fail to register shallow draft angles– common feature of our models."

"In addition, our models sometimes feature undercut surfaces that a laser could never detect. However, contact scanning systems can detect these surfaces, by using a large ball stylus in much the same way that a ball end mill would be used to machine the same surface."

For these reasons, Mr. Stiles chose continuous contact digitizing, but even in this family some models were inappropriate.

Mr. Stiles says: "We needed to be able to digitize plastic bottles directly, but most of the direct-contact digitizers we considered had stylus pressure so high that it would deform the bottle, making the data model useless. Only the Cyclone gave us the `light touch' necessary to let a bottle hold its shape."

According to Mr. Stiles, there have been other process improvements. Where Creative used to make patterns for both mirror-image cavities, it now makes only one pattern and uses Tracecut's mirroring function to generate tool paths for the other half. This not only reduces pattern-making cost, says Mr. Stiles, it also reduces bench work by ensuring that the two cavities will match to spec right off the machine.

Another part of Creative's business is repair of existing blow molds, most of which have seen long service, and no longer come with written engineering data. To machine repair inserts to match the original mold specs, Creative used to have to make a casting of the mold, then make a female model of the casting to use on the tracer. Now, says Mr. Stiles, Creative simply digitizes the mold prior to repairs, and lets the CAM system "remember" the original dimensions of the part.

In some cases, the Cyclone has allowed Creative to achieve not only increased speed and precision, but also superior metal quality. The best example, says Mr. Stiles, is a series of figurine-shaped container molds that have been a steady source of Creative's business for several years.

"Because the detail is so fine, there's no way to efficiently machine these molds using tracers," he says. "Before Cyclone, our only choice was to cast these molds, then laboriously hand finish them to achieve the required surface finish."

Now, instead of casting the molds, Creative digitizes the patterns on the Cyclone, producing precise tool paths which allow the figurine details to be machined to spec without hindering overall machining time, because the fine details appear only in the NC program's finish machining layer.

"Cyclone has let us improve our figurine molds three ways," Mr. Stiles says. "First, they're more accurate. Second, the surface is better, so we've eliminated the time and expense of hand-finishing. But third, we no longer have to give our customer cast aluminum molds. Instead, we're now using heat-treated aluminum, and achieving far higher mold quality than we ever could before.

Now, using the Cyclone scanning station from Renishaw, Creative digitizes the bottles directly, and converts the data into efficient NC tool paths using Renishaw's Tracecut CAM software.

The Carbide Inserts Website: https://www.estoolcarbide.com/coated-inserts/dnmg-insert/

Companies that design and manufacture plastic or metal parts will often require rapid machining services at some point during product development.

This article looks at the ins and outs of the manufacturing process and why it is so important.

What is rapid machining?

Rapid machining is the machining of parts and prototypes with an explicit focus on reducing the time taken to make the parts. It usually involves CNC machining (including milling, turning, etc.) but may also include manual machining for simple parts.

Machining can be expedited in various ways. Depending on the customer’s requirements, rapid machining may involve increased use of high-torque machines and roughing techniques in order to speed up material removal. It may also involve easy-to-machine materials like aluminum alloys over materials that require more time to machine.

Although not mutually exclusive, rapid machining can be seen as a counterpoint to precision machining, which prioritizes accuracy and detail over speed.

Pros and cons

Rapid machining is an essential tool for rapid prototyping, product development, low-volume manufacturing and custom parts. However, it is not suitable for all manufacturing jobs.

These are some of the advantages and disadvantages of rapid machining:

Pros

• The fastest way to produce parts with CNC machining equipment
• Iterates prototypes quickly to speed up product development
• Easy to fabricate multiple versions of a part for mechanical testing etc.
• Faster time-to-market
• Makes stronger parts compared to other high-speed processes like 3D printing
• No minimum order quantity
• No tooling or startup costs
• Compatible with a range of metals and plastics
• Range of surface finishing options
• Scalable since CNC machining is suitable for production at a later time

Cons

• Lower quality than precision machining
• Less geometrical freedom than 3D printing
• Slower than molding processes for high-volume orders (100+)

How rapid machining speeds up product development and reduces time-to-market?

For decades, rapid machining has been a go-to process for product designers looking to move their product from one stage of development to the next.

Rapid machined prototypes can be used for testing and evaluation, and it is easy to fabricate multiple iterations of a design for comparative analysis. Some rapid machined parts are even suitable for end-use.

It’s easy to see why designers engineers keep turning to rapid machining for instant parts. In this day and age, most parts are designed using CAD software, and the exported design files can be processed by CNC machines with minimal preparation. This closes the time gap between finishing a prototype design and receiving the finished part.

And the process is often repeated several times. If product designers are ordering rapid machined prototypes for testing, they may need to tweak their designs and build several more iterations before the part is ready for production.

Rapid machining also provides prototypes that are similar to end-use parts in terms of quality, mechanical performance, and appearance. Other prototyping processes like 3D printing and Carbide Inserts manual assembly have their own unique advantages, but if a part will eventually be manufactured with a CNC machine, a machined prototype will obviously be more representative of the machined final part.

Committing to a consistent manufacturing process provides obvious time advantages. If a 3D printed prototype has to be redesigned into a machinable end-use part, a whole new stage of design is added to the overall process. No such stage is required for rapid machined prototypes.

A product development workflow using rapid machining may therefore go something along these lines:

• Concept
• CAD part design
• Early-stage conceptual prototype(s) via rapid machining
• Testing and evaluation
• Working Carbide Drilling Inserts prototype(s) via rapid machining
• Mechanical testing and evaluation
• Pre-production prototype(s) via precision machining
• Presentation, marketing, etc.
• Production
• Distribution

Ultimately, faster product development and shorter time-to-market give companies a competitive edge and leads to a greater chance of market success.

What level of quality should I expect from rapid machining?

Rapid machining is most frequently used as a prototyping process. As such, customers should remember that there are other options (precision machining, for example) that may be better suited to high-detail parts that demand tight tolerances. As its name suggests, rapid machining prioritizes speed over other factors.

That being said, rapid machining can produce professional-grade parts and prototypes to a very high standard.

Ordering parts from a rapid machining specialist ultimately allows the customer to stipulate the level of quality of required, by specifying tolerances and choosing a material of suitable quality and price.

Loose tolerances, simple designs and the use of high-machinability materials allow machinists to make the parts faster, giving a lower priority to part quality. During prototyping and product development, this is usually a sensible route to take, as professional machinists are still able to make good quality parts while working quickly.

How Estoolcarbide achieves high speeds during rapid machining

Opting for rapid machining is only worthwhile if the machining company actually knows how to get things done efficiently — otherwise, the customer ends up sacrificing quality and getting none of the benefits.

Estoolcarbide is a specialist in rapid machining and has perfected several techniques for getting high-quality parts done fast.

Here are some of the reasons why we machine faster than the competition:

It’s in our nature: Estoolcarbide was established as a rapid prototyping company, and our entire setup — from customer interactions to the factory floor — is optimized for fast turnarounds, whatever the project.

We know which machines to use: Different projects demand different equipment, and rapid machining has its own particular set of machine requirements. For large parts that require large amounts of material removed, we might employ a high-torque 20 kW machine with a 12,000 rpm spindle; for detailed surface finishes, we might use a lower-torque machine with a 24,000 rpm spindle.

We know how to cut quickly: Rapid machining isn’t achieved by just lopping off as much material as possible at once: sometimes it’s faster to make multiple shallow cuts instead of one deep cut. Fast machining involves choosing the right cutting tool and making the right cuts, in addition to using high-end CAM software to determine the most efficient tool paths for a job.

Tight deadlines: Rapid machining or 3D printing?

3D printing has changed the prototyping landscape by allowing users to fabricate one-off parts in a matter of hours. 3D printers can even be operated in offices, reducing the need for traditional factories and machine shops.

Because of the speed and simplicity of 3D printing, some product developers will automatically turn to additive manufacturing over subtractive processes like rapid CNC machining when time is of the essence.

But is 3D printing always the best option for fast-turnaround parts?

For in-house prototyping, there is probably no better rapid solution than 3D printing, since 3D printers require minimal expertise to operate and can print parts in hours. However, a professional rapid machining service may be faster and deliver better results than a comparable 3D printing service.

There are some obvious parallels between rapid machining and 3D printing. Both use digital designs that are turned into G-code, and both are all-in-one solutions that require no tooling or separate machinery.

When choosing between rapid machining and 3D printing, bear the following factors in mind:

• Some parts are faster to print; others are faster to machine
• Even if 3D printing is faster, it may take a long time to rework a 3D printed prototype into a machined final part
• Both metals and plastic can be machined with the same machining equipment; 3D printers only print one or the other
• Machined prototypes are usually closer to the final part than printed prototypes

Estoolcarbide is a specialist in rapid machining. Request a free quote today on your next rapid machining project.

The Carbide Inserts Website: https://www.estoolcarbide.com/product/snmg120404-snmg150608-snmg190612-snmg250924-carbide-inserts-for-steel-turning-inserts-p-1182/

CNC: How a machine monitoring system reduces investment in new machines

Increasing capacity – buy a machine or reduce downtime on existing machines using a CNC machine monitoring system ? Easy decision for a CEO !

Increasing CNC machining capacity
Downtime on the shop floor can be up to 30 % because of poor work ethics and system problems (see this earlier post). If I have 10 machines on my shop floor and I want to increase machining capacity by 20 %, I have two options:
Option 1: Buy another machine.
Option 2: Increase capacity utilization by 20 % by reducing downtime.

Option 1 is quick, painless, does not involve disrupting my current inefficient way of working. I can buy a new machine in a couple of days.
Option 2 is costs a fraction of Option 1, but is painful – involves changing work culture and improving systems.

Most organizations prefer Option 1, which increases costs and reduces profitability, but is painless. Option 2 involves putting in a productivity monitoring system that tracks your machines’ production and downtime electronically, automatically, 24/7.

Let’s say you have 10 machines each costing Rs. 25 Lakhs, a total of Rs. 2.5 Crore. You now face a capacity crunch, and need to increase capacity by 20 %. You can reduce downtime and improve capacity utilization of the existing machines by 20 %. The new machines will cost you Rs. 50 Lakhs, while an Industry 4.0 machine monitoring system will cost you Rs. 5 Lakhs. The monitoring CNC Inserts system can typically improve your capacity utilization by 20 % in 3 months. It can do this at 10 % of the investment in new machines.

Action point

The next time you have a capacity constraint and want to buy a new machine, instead install a machine monitoring system like LEANworx machine monitoring software to increase capacity. Or install a monitoring system right away and dispose of some of your existing machines.

Etc.

Doggie moving up in life

I stayed in a hotel near Connaught Place in Delhi recently, for a week. While on an early morning jog (trying to shed the kilos that I was acquiring at the huge breakfast buffet spread every morning – part of the hotel’s package deal), I saw this dog sleeping on top of a parked car.

Two questions arose in my mind:
1. CCMT Insert How in hell did the guy get on top there, negotiating the slippery metal and glass ?
2. Wasn’t he uncomfortable on the hard and possibly cold metal ?

I still haven’t figured out the answer to the first question.
As for the second one, it was a warm and humid monsoon morning, and the metal was probably nice and cool compared to the ground.

And now I’m wondering whether he (being a city slicker dog) will at some point in his life think “I’m tired of sleeping on these mid-range cars. It’s time I moved up in life. Should look for a Benz or a BMW to sleep on tonight, so I can impress the babes”. He’s actually moved up in life, literally, from sleeping on the footpath to sleeping on a car.

Interested in a Plug-and-play Industry 4.0 system ? See LEANworx, from our group company.

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Related posts:

Quick change tool holder systems on CNC lathes

CNC machining cost – how to reduce it, with zero extra investment

Bad CNC machine and high energy cost

CNC machine simulator

Machine downtime for trivial reasons

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The tire stud on the snowy road surface includes a flange on the cylindrical nail body at the head of the core, the wing portion at the middle portion, and the lower end portion, and the wing portion and the flange form an acute angle with the nail body. When the stud is used, it is inserted into the tire tread, which is not only easy to install, but also has an anti-shedding effect. Depending on the application and the groove type, the specifications have different requirements, but the material requirements are: wear resistance, low temperature resistance, high hardness and so on.

Compared with non-slip nails of other materials, the studs of tungsten carbide materials have many superior properties, such as high hardness and high wear resistance; low pressure on the surface, preventing car slip on the basis of ensuring minimum damage; installation and Easy to disassemble and reusable.

The holes in the car tires that are used to embed the tungsten carbide stud is easy to punch and can be easily removed without professional installation tools. In addition, the user can also install or disassemble the tungsten carbide stud according to different seasons. If it is not needed, it can be easily taken out and stored for the next reloading. When selecting the tungsten carbide stud for automobile tires, the user should first consider the thickness of the car tire itself and the depth of the hole.

In general, tungsten carbide stud for automotive tires are embedded in steel sleeves or other materials, and then the entire kit is inserted into the outer surface of the tire. In this way, the force area of the tire can be increased, and the tire of the automobile can be protected. When the vehicle is driving, under certain force, the tungsten carbide stud for the automobile tire will be properly embedded in the ice surface. In order to enhance the grip of the automobile tire on the icy road surface, the slippage of the automobile is greatly reduced, and the accident rate is effectively reduced.

So, let’s take a look at how car tungsten carbide stud is made. The preparation process of tungsten carbide anti-skid nails can be divided into four basic stages:

Removal of forming agent and pre-burning stage

At this stage, the sintered body undergoes the following changes: the removal of the molding agent, the initial formation of the sintering agent gradually decomposes or vaporizes with the increase of the temperature, thereby eliminating the sintered body, and at the same time, the molding agent is more or less added to the sintered body. Carbon, the amount of carbon added will vary with the type and amount of molding agent and the sintering process. The surface oxide of the powder is reduced. At the sintering temperature, hydrogen can reduce the oxides of cobalt and tungsten. If the molding agent is removed by vacuum and sintered, the carbon-oxygen reaction is not strong. The contact stress between the powder particles is gradually eliminated, the bonded metal powder begins to recover and recrystallize, surface diffusion begins to occur, and the strength of the compact is Carbide Turning Inserts increased.

The Solid Phase Sintering Stage

At the temperature before the liquid phase appeared, in addition to the process that occurred in the previous stage, the solid phase reaction and diffusion were intensified, the plastic flow was enhanced, and the sintered body showed significant shrinkage.

The Liquid Phase Sintering Stage

When the sintered body exhibits a liquid phase, the shrinkage is quickly completed, followed by a crystallization transition to form the basic structure and structure of the alloy.

The Cooling Stage

At this stage, the microstructure and phase composition of the tungsten carbide vary with the cooling conditions, and this feature can be utilized to heat treat the tungsten carbide to improve its physical and mechanical properties.

Anti-slip nails are easy-to-consume products. Every day they grind and grind, they shrink. Although they can’t be replaced by threes and fives, they always think of “one-size-fits-all”, saving things, tungsten carbide anti-skid nails, as their name is hard enough.

The Carbide Inserts Website: https://www.estoolcarbide.com/product/vnmg-carbide-inserts-for-stainless-steel-turning-inserts-p-1188/